Der „Deutsche Gesundheitsbericht Diabetes“ wird jedes Jahr neu aufgelegt und beinhaltet die aktuellsten Zahlen und Entwicklungen zur Erkrankung Diabetes mellitus in Deutschland. Er wird in Zusammenarbeit mit zahlreichen Fachexperten erstellt und von der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft und diabetesDE – Deutsche Diabetes-Hilfe herausgegeben.

Deutscher Gesundheitsbericht Diabetes 2026 – Literaturlisten

Klicken Sie auf eine Kapitelüberschrift, um die jeweilige Literaturliste einzusehen:

→Epidemiologie des Diabetes in Deutschland (Seite 8–11)
  1. Heidemann C, Scheidt-Nave C. Prevalence, incidence and mortality of diabetes mellitus in adults in Germany - A review in the framework of the Diabetes Surveillance. J Health Monit. 2017;2(3):98-121. DOI: 10.17886/RKI-GBE-2017-062.
  2. Goffrier B, Schulz M, Bätzing-Feigenbaum J. Administrative Prävalenzen und Inzidenzen des Diabetes mellitus von 2009 bis 2015. Versorgungsatlas-Bericht 2017;17/03:10.20364/VA-17.03. DOI: 10.20364/VA-17.03.
  3. Heidemann C, Du Y, Paprott R, et al. Temporal changes in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes: findings from the German Health Interview and Examination Surveys in 1997–1999 and 2008–2011. Diabet Med. 2016;33(10):1406-14. DOI: 10.1111/dme.13008.
  4. Boehme MW, Buechele G, Frankenhauser-Mannuss J, et al. Prevalence, incidence and concomitant co-morbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Western Germany--a retrospective cohort and case control study in claims data of a large statutory health insurance. BMC Public Health. 2015. 15(855). DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2188-1.
  5. Spieker J, Vetter VM, Drewelies J, et al. Diabetes type 2 in the Berlin Aging Study II: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data on prevalence, incidence and severity over on average seven years of follow-up. Diabet Med. 2023;40(8):e15104. DOI: 10.1111/dme.15104.
  6. Heidemann C, Scheidt-Nave C. Prevalence, incidence and mortality of diabetes mellitus in adults in Germany – A review in the framework of the Diabetes Surveillance. J Health Monit. 2017;2(3):98-121. DOI: 10.17886/RKI-GBE-2017-062.
  7. Jacobs E, Rathmann W. Epidemiologie des Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 2017;12(06):437-46. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-120034.
  8. Schmidt C, Reitzle L, Dreß J, et al. Prävalenz und Inzidenz des dokumentierten Diabetes mellitus – Referenzauswertung für die Diabetes-Surveillance auf Basis von Daten aller gesetzlich Krankenversicherten. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 2020;63(1):93-102. DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-03068-9.
  9. Tönnies T, Röckl S, Hoyer A, et al. Projected number of people with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes in Germany in 2040. Diabet Med. 2019;36:1217-25. DOI: 10.1111/dme.13902.
  10. Tönnies T, Rommelfanger J, Brinks R. Diabetes-Uhr 2025, URL: https://ddz.de/diabetes-uhr/, abgerufen am 19.05.2025.
  11. Tönnies T, Hoyer A, Brinks R, et al. Spatio-Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Germany. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2023;120(11):173-9. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0405.
  12. Lehner CT, Eberl M, Donnachie E, et al. Incidence trend of type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2021 in Germany: an analysis of health claims data of 11 million statutorily insured people. Diabetologia. 2024;67(6):1040-50. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06113-8.
  13. Hering R, Schulz M, Kohring C, et al. Kurzbericht: Administrative Prävalenz und Inzidenz des diagnostizierten Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 – Daten von 2011 bis 2023. In: Zentralinstitut für die kassenärztliche Versorgung in Deutschland (Zi), editor. Versorgungsatlas-Bericht Nr 24/02 Berlin, URL: DOI: 10.20364/VA-24022024
  14. Greiner G, Icks A, Linnenkamp U. Trends des Gestationsdiabetes in Deutschland - Prävalenz, Risiko für die Entwicklung eines Typ-2-Diabetes und Inanspruchnahme der postpartalen Nachsorge. DOI: 10.20364/VA-24022024Die Diabetologie. 2025;21, 37–43.
  15. Rosenbauer A, Stahl-Pehe A, Bonifacio E, et al. Einbeziehung von Informationen aus Diabetesregistern in die Diabetes-Surveillance – Auswertung 2024: Inzidenz und Prävalenz von Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen 2024, URL: https://edoc.rki.de/bitstream/handle/176904/12304/Rosenbauer%20et%20al.%202024_InzidenzPr%C3%A4valenzDiabetes.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, abgerufen am 08.05.2025.
  16. Robert Koch-Institut. Diabetes Typ 1: Inzidenz (0 – 17 Jahre). 2024, URL: https://gbe.rki.de, abgerufen am 08.05.2025.
  17. Robert Koch-Institut. Diabetes Typ 2: Inzidenz (11 – 17 Jahre) 2024, URL: https://gbe.rki.de, abgerufen am 08.05.2025.
  18. Stahl-Pehe A, Bächle C, Rosenbauer J. Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Diabetologie. 2025;21(1):11-7.
  19. Buchmann M, Tuncer O, Auzanneau M, et al. Incidence, prevalence and care of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in Germany: Time trends and regional socioeconomic situation. J Health Monit. 2023;8(2):57-78. DOI: 10.25646/11439.
  20. Rosenbauer J, Neu A, Rothe U, et al. Types of diabetes are not limited to age groups: type 1 diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. J Health Monit. 2019;4(2):29-49. DOI: 10.25646/5987.
  21. Reitzle L, Heidemann C, Jacob J, et al. Incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: analysis of routine data from 2015 to 2021. J Health Monit. 2023;8(Suppl 5):2-25.
  22. Jacobs E, Hoyer A, Brinks R, et al. Burden of Mortality Attributable to Diagnosed Diabetes: A Nationwide Analysis Based on Claims Data From 65 Million People in Germany. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(12):1703-9. DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0954.
  23. Tomic D, Morton JI, Chen L, et al. Lifetime risk, life expectancy, and years of life lost to type 2 diabetes in 23 high-income jurisdictions: a multinational, population-based study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(11):795-803. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00252-2.
  24. Kaptoge S, Seshasai S, Sun L, et al. Life expectancy associated with different ages at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in high-income countries: 23 million person-years of observation. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(10):731-42. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00223-1.
  25. Gregg EW, Pratt A, Owens A, et al. The burden of diabetes-associated multiple long-term conditions on years of life spent and lost. Nat Med. 2024;30(10):2830-7. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03123-2.
  26. Wang B, Fu Y, Tan X, et al. Assessing the impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality and life expectancy according to the number of risk factor targets achieved: an observational study. BMC Medicine. 2024;22(1):114. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03343-w
  27. Carstensen B, Rønn PF, Jørgensen ME. Lifetime risk and years lost to type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Denmark, 1996–2016. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021;9(1):e001065.DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001065

→Akteure in der Diabetologie (Seite 12–17)
keine Einträge

→Epidemiologie und Ernährungsempfehlungen – zwischen Evidenz, Kritik und Aufbruch (Seite 18–21)
    1. Atkinson, M.A., G.S. Eisenbarth, and A.W. Michels: Type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2014; 383(9911): p. 69-82. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60591-7.
    2. Gregory, G.A., et al.: Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10(10): p. 741-760. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00218-2.
    3. Bonifacio, E. and P. Achenbach: Birth and coming of age of islet autoantibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198(3): p. 294-305. DOI: 10.1111/cei.13360.
    4. Ziegler, A.G., et al.: Seroconversion to Multiple Islet Autoantibodies and Risk of Progression to Diabetes in ChildrenSeroconversion and Diabetes Progression in Children. JAMA 2013; 309(23): p. 2473-2479. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.6285.
    5. Ziegler, A.G., et al.: Yield of a Public Health Screening of Children for Islet Autoantibodies in Bavaria, Germany. Jama 2020; 323(4): p. 339-351. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.21565.
    6. Anand, V., et al.: Islet Autoimmunity and HLA Markers of Presymptomatic and Clinical Type 1 Diabetes: Joint Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. Diabetes Care 2021; 44(10): p. 2269-76. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1836.
    7. Sims, E.K., et al.: Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in the General Population: A Status Report and Perspective. Diabetes 2022; 71(4): p. 610-623. DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0054.
    8. Simmons, K.M.W., et al.: Historical Insights and Current Perspectives on the Diagnosis and Management of Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2023; 25(11): p. 790-799. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0276.
    9. Hendriks, A.E.J., et al.: Clinical care advice for monitoring of islet autoantibody positive individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40(2): p. e3777. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3777.
    10. Phillip, M., et al.: Consensus Guidance for Monitoring Individuals With Islet Autoantibody-Positive Pre-Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47(8): p. 1276-1298. DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0042.
    11. Weiss, A., et al.: Progression likelihood score identifies substages of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes in childhood public health screening. Diabetologia 2022; 65(12): p. 2121-2131. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05780-9.
    12. www.fr1da.de.
    13. Hummel, S., et al.: Children diagnosed with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes through public health screening have milder diabetes at clinical manifestation. Diabetologia 2023; 66(9): p. 1633-1642. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05953-0.
    14. Hummel, S., et al.: Presymptomatic type 1 diabetes and disease severity at onset. Reply to Schneider J, Gemulla G, Kiess W et al [letter]. Diabetologia 2023; 66(12): p. 2389-2390. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06017-z.
    15. Bonifacio, E., et al.: Effect of population-wide screening for presymptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes on paediatric clinical care. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12(6): p. 376-378. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00101-3.
    16. Achenbach, P., et al.: Early Detection Of Type 1 Diabetes By Islet Autoantibody Screening: A Position Paper Of The Fr1daplex Project Leaders And Training Centres, Bvkj Bavaria And Paednetz (Registered) Bavaria. Gesundheitswesen 2025; 87(1): p. 27-37. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00101-310.1055/a-2320-2859
    17. Herold, K.C., et al.: The immunology of type 1 diabetes. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24(6): p. 435-451. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00985-4.
    18. Sims, E.K., et al.: Teplizumab improves and stabilizes beta cell function in antibody-positive high-risk individuals. Science Translational Medicine 2021; 13(583): p. eabc8980. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8980.
    19. Scherm, M.G., et al.: miRNA142-3p targets Tet2 and impairs Treg differentiation and stability in models of type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2019; 10(1): p. 5697. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13587-3.
    20. Serr, I., et al.: miRNA92a targets KLF2 and the phosphatase PTEN signaling to promote human T follicular helper precursors in T1D islet autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113(43): p. E6659-E6668. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606646113.
    21. Serr, I., et al.: A miRNA181a/NFAT5 axis links impaired T cell tolerance induction with autoimmune type 1 diabetes. 2018; 10(422): p. eaag1782. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1782.
    22. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-clinical-investigation-medicinal-products-treatment-or-prevention-diabetes-mellitus-revision-2_en.pdf

→Neue Aspekte bei Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung (Seite 22–25)
  1. de Almeida JA, Batalha APDB, Santos CVO, Fontoura TS, Lacerda F, Lima TA, Lopes DS. Effects of Strength Training on Plasma Apelin Concentration in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2024;28(6):101146. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101146.
  2. Poon ET, Li HY, Kong APS, Little JP. Efficacy of high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and molecular biomarkers in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(6):1958-1977. doi: 10.1111/dom.16220.
  3. Zhang L, Cheng X, Yang Y, Li X, Yuan Y. Optimal dosage and mode of exercise in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1560676. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1560676.
  4. Vandersmissen J, Dewachter I, Cuypers K, Hansen D. The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Strength Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med Open. 2025;11:58. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00836-7.
  5. Lu X, Chen Y, Shi Y, Shi Y, Su X, Chen P, Wu D, Shi H. Effects of gentle exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus, randomized controlled trial and small sample size–meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2025;201:112685. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2025.112685.
  6. Wu, H., Lv, B., Zhi, L. et al. Microbiome–metabolome dynamics mediates protective effects of exercise in T2D. Nat Med. 2025. doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-03642-6
  7. Weston, K.L., Little, J.P., Weston, M. et al. Application of High-Intensity Interval Training in Metabolic, Cardiac, and Vascular Diseases Across the Lifespan: An Umbrella Review with Evidence Maps. Sports Med Open. 2025;11:52. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00829-6
  8. Ahmadi MN, Blodgett JM, Atkin AJ et al. Relationship of acute metabolic response and long-term glycaemic control after a single bout of high-intensity interval or moderate-intensity continuous exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2024;67(5):919-932. doi: 10.1007/s00125-024-06090-y
  9. Wang T, Laher I, Li S. Exercise snacks and physical fitness in aging adults: a randomized controlled trial. Sports Med Health Sci. 2024;6(2):221–228. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.006.
  10. Mues, J.P.; Flohr, S.; Kurpiers, N. The Influence of Work Stress on the Exercise Behavior of Nursing Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sports. 2025;13(6):186. doi: 10.3390/sports13060186
  11. Costa-Junior, J. M., Coomans de Brachène, A., Musuaya, A., Livadas, S., Ambrosini, A., et al. Exercise and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2025. doi: 10.1007/s00125-025-06426-2
  12. Moser, O., Zaharieva, D. P., Adolfsson, P., Battelino, T., Caccavale, L., et al. Documenting physical exercise in people with diabetes: State-of-the-art and recommendations from the Association Diabetes & Technology (ADAT) and the JDRF. Diabetologia. 2024. doi: 10.1007/s00125-024-06308-z

→Adipositas – wie sind die Chancen für die Versorgung? (Seite 26–29)
keine Einträge

→Prävention des Typ-1-Diabetes bzw. Verschieben des Manifestationszeitpunkts – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen (Seite 30–33)
  1. Atkinson, M.A., G.S. Eisenbarth, and A.W. Michels: Type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2014; 383(9911): p. 69-82. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60591-7.
  2. Gregory, G.A., et al.: Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10(10): p. 741-760. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00218-2.
  3. Bonifacio, E. and P. Achenbach: Birth and coming of age of islet autoantibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198(3): p. 294-305. DOI: 10.1111/cei.13360.
  4. Ziegler, A.G., et al.: Seroconversion to Multiple Islet Autoantibodies and Risk of Progression to Diabetes in ChildrenSeroconversion and Diabetes Progression in Children. JAMA 2013; 309(23): p. 2473-2479. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.6285.
  5. Ziegler, A.G., et al.: Yield of a Public Health Screening of Children for Islet Autoantibodies in Bavaria, Germany. Jama 2020; 323(4): p. 339-351. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.21565.
  6. Anand, V., et al.: Islet Autoimmunity and HLA Markers of Presymptomatic and Clinical Type 1 Diabetes: Joint Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. Diabetes Care 2021; 44(10): p. 2269-76. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1836.
  7. Sims, E.K., et al.: Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in the General Population: A Status Report and Perspective. Diabetes 2022; 71(4): p. 610-623. DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0054.
  8. Simmons, K.M.W., et al.: Historical Insights and Current Perspectives on the Diagnosis and Management of Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2023; 25(11): p. 790-799. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0276.
  9. Hendriks, A.E.J., et al.: Clinical care advice for monitoring of islet autoantibody positive individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40(2): p. e3777. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3777.
  10. Phillip, M., et al.: Consensus Guidance for Monitoring Individuals With Islet Autoantibody-Positive Pre-Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47(8): p. 1276-1298. DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0042.
  11. Weiss, A., et al.: Progression likelihood score identifies substages of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes in childhood public health screening. Diabetologia 2022; 65(12): p. 2121-2131. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05780-9.
  12. www.fr1da.de.
  13. Hummel, S., et al.: Children diagnosed with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes through public health screening have milder diabetes at clinical manifestation. Diabetologia 2023; 66(9): p. 1633-1642. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05953-0.
  14. Hummel, S., et al.: Presymptomatic type 1 diabetes and disease severity at onset. Reply to Schneider J, Gemulla G, Kiess W et al [letter]. Diabetologia 2023; 66(12): p. 2389-2390. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06017-z.
  15. Bonifacio, E., et al.: Effect of population-wide screening for presymptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes on paediatric clinical care. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12(6): p. 376-378. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00101-3.
  16. Achenbach, P., et al.: Early Detection Of Type 1 Diabetes By Islet Autoantibody Screening: A Position Paper Of The Fr1daplex Project Leaders And Training Centres, Bvkj Bavaria And Paednetz (Registered) Bavaria. Gesundheitswesen 2025; 87(1): p. 27-37. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00101-310.1055/a-2320-2859
  17. Herold, K.C., et al.: The immunology of type 1 diabetes. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24(6): p. 435-451. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00985-4.
  18. Sims, E.K., et al.: Teplizumab improves and stabilizes beta cell function in antibody-positive high-risk individuals. Science Translational Medicine 2021; 13(583): p. eabc8980. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8980.
  19. Scherm, M.G., et al.: miRNA142-3p targets Tet2 and impairs Treg differentiation and stability in models of type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2019; 10(1): p. 5697. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13587-3.
  20. Serr, I., et al.: miRNA92a targets KLF2 and the phosphatase PTEN signaling to promote human T follicular helper precursors in T1D islet autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113(43): p. E6659-E6668. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606646113.
  21. Serr, I., et al.: A miRNA181a/NFAT5 axis links impaired T cell tolerance induction with autoimmune type 1 diabetes. 2018; 10(422): p. eaag1782. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1782.
  22. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-clinical-investigation-medicinal-products-treatment-or-prevention-diabetes-mellitus-revision-2_en.pdf

→Erhalt oder Ersatz der Betazellfunktion: Fortschritte in Prävention, Transplantation und Zelltherapie (Seite 34–37)
  1. Herold KC, Bundy BN, Long SA, et al. An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 15;381(7):603-613. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1902226.
  2. Haller MJ, Schatz DA, Skyler JS, et al. Low-dose anti–thymocyte globulin preserves C-peptide in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(9):1917–1925. DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0494.
  3. Rigby MR, Hayes B, Li Y, et al. Two-Year Follow-up From the T1GER Study: Continued Off-Therapy Metabolic Improvements in Children and Young Adults With New-Onset T1D Treated With Golimumab and Characterization of Responders. Diabetes Care. 2023 Mar 1;46(3):561-569. DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1984.
  4. Quattrin T, Haller MJ, Steck AK, et al. Golimumab and Beta-Cell Function in Youth with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020 Nov 19;383(21):2007-2017. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2006136.
  5. Waibel M, Wentworth JM, So M, et al. Baricitinib and β-Cell Function in Patients with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023 Dec 7;389(23):2140-2150. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2309194.
  6. Thorel F, Népote V, Avril I, et al. Conversion of adult pancreatic alpha-cells to beta-cells after extreme beta-cell loss. Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1149-54. DOI: 10.1038/nature08894.
  7. Ramzy A, Thompson DM, Ward-Hartstonge KA, et al. Implanted pluripotent stem-cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells secrete glucose-responsive C-peptide in patients with type 1 diabetes. Cell Stem Cell. 2021 Dec 2;28(12):2047-2061.e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003.
  8. Shapiro AMJ, Thompson D, Donner TW, et al. Insulin expression and C-peptide in type 1 diabetes subjects implanted with stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells in an encapsulation device. Cell Rep Med. 2021 Dec 2;2(12):100466. DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466.
  9. Reichman TW, Markmann JF, Odorico J, et al.; VX-880-101 FORWARD Study Group. Stem Cell-Derived, Fully Differentiated Islets for Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jun 20. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2506549.
  10. Jeyam A, Colhoun H, McGurnaghan S, et al. Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications. Diabetes Care. 2021 Feb;44(2):390-398. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0567.
  11. Pagliuca FW, Millman JR, Gürtler M, et al. Generation of functional human pancreatic β cells in vitro. Cell. 2014 Oct 9;159(2):428-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.040.
  12. D‘Amour KA, Bang AG, Eliazer S, et al. Production of pancreatic hormone-expressing endocrine cells from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Nov;24(11):1392-401. DOI: 10.1038/nbt1259.

→Diabetes und Augenerkrankungen (Seite 38–41)
  1. (2020) Ergänzende Stellungnahme der DOG, der RG und des BVA zur Therapie der proliferativen diabetischen Retinopathie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 237(8):990–994. DOI: 10.1055/a-1191-1395
  2. (2020) Stellungnahme der DOG, der RG und des BVA zur Therapie des diabetischen Makulaödems : Stand August 2019. Ophthalmologe 117(3):218–247. DOI: 10.1007/s00347-019-01015-2.
  3. (2023) Ergänzende Stellungnahme zu den IVOM-Medikamenten zur Therapie des diabetischen Makulaödems mit fovealer Beteiligung : Stellungnahme der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, der Retinologischen Gesellschaft und des Berufsverbandes der Augenärzte Deutschlands. Stand 28.10.2022. Ophthalmologie 120(3):273–275. DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01782-5
  4. Barth T, Helbig H (2021) Diabetische Retinopathie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 238(10):1143–1159. DOI: 10.1055/a-1545-9927
  5. Barth T, Helbig H (2021) Diabetisches Makulaödem. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 238(9):1029–1043. DOI: 10.1055/a-1545-9656
  6. Brown DM, Boyer DS, Do DV, Wykoff CC, Sakamoto T, Win P, Joshi S, Salehi-Had H, Seres A, Berliner AJ, Leal S, Vitti R, Chu KW, Reed K, Rao R, Cheng Y, Sun W, Voronca D, Bhore R, Schmidt-Ott U, Schmelter T, Schulze A, Zhang X, Hirshberg B, Yancopoulos GD, Sivaprasad S (2024) Intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg in diabetic macular oedema (PHOTON): 48-week results from a randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet 403(10432):1153–1163. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02577-1
  7. Eleftheriadou A, Riley D, Zhao SS, Austin P, Hernández G, Lip GYH, Jackson TL, Wilding JPH, Alam U (2024) Risk of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a real-world data study from a global federated database. Diabetologia. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06132-5
  8. Hammes H-P, Lemmen KD, Bertram B (2024) Diabetische Retinopathie und Makulopathie. Diabetologie 20(4):567–571. DOI: 10.1007/s11428-024-01187-9
  9. Hammes HP, Kerner W, Hofer S, Kordonouri O, Raile K, Holl RW (2011) Diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes-a contemporary analysis of 8,784 patients. Diabetologia 54(8):1977–1984. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2198-1
  10. Heller T, Blum M, Spraul M, Wolf G, Müller UA (2014) Folgeerkrankungen des Diabetes mellitus: Prävalenzen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 139(15):786–791. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1369889
  11. König SF, Spital G, Ziemssen F, Stahl A, Guthoff R, Wolf A, Glück S, Navarette Navarrete Orozco R, Ulbig M, Schuster AK, Kortuem KU (2023) Fotobasierte Untersuchung auf diabetische Augenveränderungen in einer deutschen Augenarztpraxis ohne direkten Arzt-Patienten-Kontakt. Ophthalmologie 120(3):301–308. DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01737-w
  12. Looker HC, Nyangoma SO, Cromie DT, Olson JA, Leese GP, Black MW, Doig J, Lee N, Lindsay RS, McKnight JA, Morris AD, Pearson DWM, Philip S, Wild SH, Colhoun HM (2014) Rates of referable eye disease in the Scottish National Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programme. Br J Ophthalmol 98(6):790–795. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303948
  13. Paul S, Tayar A, Morawiec-Kisiel E, Bohl B, Großjohann R, Hunfeld E, Busch M, Pfeil JM, Dähmcke M, Brauckmann T, Eilts S, Bründer M-C, Grundel M, Grundel B, Tost F, Kuhn J, Reindel J, Kerner W, Stahl A (2022) Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz im Screening auf diabetische Retinopathie an einer diabetologischen Schwerpunktklinik. Ophthalmologie 119(7):705–713. DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01556-5
  14. Wong TY, Haskova Z, Asik K, Baumal CR, Csaky KG, Eter N, Ives JA, Jaffe GJ, Korobelnik J-F, Lin H, Murata T, Ruamviboonsuk P, Schlottmann PG, Seres AI, Silverman D, Sun X, Tang Y, Wells JA, Yoon YH, Wykoff CC (2024) Faricimab Treat-and-Extend for Diabetic Macular Edema: Two-Year Results from the Randomized Phase 3 YOSEMITE and RHINE Trials. Ophthalmology 131(6):708–723. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.12.026
  15. Ziemssen F, Lemmen K, Bertram B, Hammes HP, Agostini H (2016) Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie (NVL) Diabetische Retinopathie : 2. Auflage der NVL zur Therapie der diabetischen Retinopathie. Ophthalmologe 113(7):623–638. DOI: 10.1007/s00347-016-0315-8

→Update Diabetes und Niere (Seite 42–45)
  1. Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses zur Zusammenführung der Anforderungen an strukturierte Behandlungsprogramme nach § 137f Absatz 2 SGB V (DMP Anforderungen-Richtlinien/DMP-A-RL) [article online], Available from https://www.g-ba.de/downloads/40-268-8621/2022-06-16_DMP-A-RL_Aenderung-Anlage-1-2-8-Diabetes-mellitus_Servicedokument.pdf
  2. Stevens PE, Ahmed SB, Carrero JJ, Foster B, Francis A, Hall RK, Herrington WG, Hill G, Inker LA, Kazancıoğlu R. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney international 2024;105:S117-S314. DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018
  3. Who J. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization technical report series 2007:1
  4. Council NR. Recommended dietary allowances. Food and Nutrition Board, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council Washington: National Academic 1989. DOI: 10.17226/1349
  5. Hahn D, Hodson EM, Fouque D. Low protein diets for non-diabetic adults with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001892.pub5
  6. Jiang S, Fang J, Li W. Protein restriction for diabetic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD014906.pub2
  7. Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Cuppari L, Ikizler TA, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kaysen G, Mitch WE, Price SR, Wanner C, Wang AY. Etiology of the protein-energy wasting syndrome in chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement from the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). Journal of renal nutrition 2013;23:77-90. DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.01.001
  8. Adair KE, Bowden RG. Ameliorating chronic kidney disease using a whole food plant-based diet. Nutrients 2020;12:1007. DOI: 10.3390/nu12041007
  9. Molina P, Gavela E, Vizcaíno B, Huarte E, Carrero JJ. Optimizing diet to slow CKD progression. Frontiers in medicine 2021;8:654250. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654250
  10. Cosola C, Rocchetti MT, Sabatino A, Fiaccadori E, Di Iorio BR, Gesualdo L. Microbiota issue in CKD: how promising are gut-targeted approaches? Journal of nephrology 2019;32:27-37. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0516-0
  11. Kelly JT, Palmer SC, Wai SN, Ruospo M, Carrero J-J, Campbell KL, Strippoli GF. Healthy dietary patterns and risk of mortality and ESRD in CKD: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2017;12:272-279. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.06190616
  12. Kelly JT, Su G, Zhang L, Qin X, Marshall S, González-Ortiz A, Clase CM, Campbell KL, Xu H, Carrero J-J. Modifiable lifestyle factors for primary prevention of CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2021;32:239-253. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2020030384

→Diabetes und Nervenerkrankungen (Seite 46–49)
  1. Ziegler D, Keller J, Maier C, Pannek J. DDG-Praxisempfehlung. Diabetische Neuropathie. Diabetologie 2022; 17 (Suppl 2): 339–353. DOI: 10.1055/a-1916-2156
  2. Bongaerts B et al. Older Subjects with Diabetes and Prediabetes are Frequently Unaware of Having Distal Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: The KORA F4 Study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 1141–1146. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0744
  3. Naghizadeh S , Zohrabi-Fard M , Amir-Ahmad Keramati A-A et al. Surgical Nerve Decompression at Lower Extremity for Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Time-Dependent Pain, Sensory Recovery, Amputation, Ulcer Recurrence, and Balance. World Neurosurg. (2025) 199:124114. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124114
  4. Chew SM, Avinashi SD, Venkataraman K. Predictors of incident diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review of longitudinal studies in patients with diabetes mellitus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2025. Jun 3. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-025-09973-6
  5. Martin CL, Albers JW, Pop-Busui R, et al. Neuropathy and Related Findings in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial / Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 31–38. DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2114
  6. Look AHEAD Research Group. Effects of a Long-Term Lifestyle Modification Programme on Peripheral Neuropathy in Overweight or Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study. Diabetologia 2017; 60: 980–988. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4210-4
  7. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL, et al. Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 136–154. DOI: 10.2337/dc16-2042
  8. Dy SM, Bennett WL, Sharma R, et al. Preventing Complications and Treating Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017 Mar. Report No.: 17-EHC005-EF.
  9. Haanpää M, Cruccu G, Nurmikko TJ, et al. Capsaicin 8 % Patch Versus Oral Pregabalin in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:316–328. DOI: 10.1002/ejp.731
  10. Van Nooten F, Treur M, Pantiri K et al. Capsaicin 8% Patch Versus Oral Neuropathic Pain Medications for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis. Clin Ther. 2017 Apr;39(4):787-803.e18. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.021
  11. Überall MA et al. Progressive response with repeated capsaicin(179mg) patch in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. IASP 2024 World Congress on Pain. August 5-10. TH590
  12. Ziegler D, Low PA, Litchy WJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Antioxidant Treatment With α-Lipoic Acid Over 4 Years in Diabetic Polyneuropathy: The NATHAN 1 Trial. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 2054–2060. DOI: 10.2337/dc11-0503
  13. Stirban AO, Zeller-Stefan H, Schumacher J et al. Treatment with Benfotiamine in Patients with Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study over 12 Months. J Diabetes Complications 2020;34(12):107757. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107757
  14. Didangelos Z, Karlafti E, Kotzakioulafi E et al. Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Diabetic Neuropathy: A 1-Year, Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13: 395. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020395
  15. Reichstein L, Labrenz S, Ziegler D, Martin S. Effective treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy by high-frequency external muscle stimulation. Diabetologia. 2005 May; 48(5):824-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1728-0
  16. Zheng Y, Liu CW, Chan DXH et al. Neurostimulation for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review of High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials With Long-Term Follow-Up. Neuromodulation 2023;26(7):1276-1294. DOI: 10.1111/ner.13798
  17. Naghizadeh S, Zohrabi-Fard M, Keramati A-A et al. Surgical Nerve Decompression at Lower Extremity for Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Time-Dependent Pain, Sensory Recovery, Amputation, Ulcer Recurrence, and Balance. World Neurosurgery 2025; 199: 124114. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124114

→Qualifizierte DFS-Behandlung: zeitnaher Zugang zu passenden Versorgungsstrukturen unabdingbar (Seite 50–53)
  1. Meza-Torres, B., Carinci, F., Heiss, C. et al. Health service organisation impact on lower extremity amputations in people with type 2 diabetes with foot ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 58, 735–747 (2021). DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01662-x.
  2. Meloni M, et al. Panel of the Italian Guidelines for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Syndrome and on behalf of SID and AMD. Effect of a multidisciplinary team approach in patients with diabetic foot ulcers on major adverse limb events (MALEs): systematic review and meta-analysis for the development of the Italian guidelines for the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Acta Diabetol. 2024 May;61(5):543-553. DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02246-9.
  3. Chiu CW et al. Multidisciplinary Management Improves Re-Admission, Major Amputation, and Mortality Rates in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2025 Jun 16. DOI: 10.1089/wound.2024.0182. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40538344.
  4. Hongjuan Zhu et al. Impact of pre-hospital delays on the prognosis of older patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a 10-year retrospective study,, J Wound Care, 2025 Apr 1;34(Sup4):S4-S9. DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.0284.
  5. gBA-Beschluss: DMP-Anforderungen-Richtlinie: Änderung der Anlage 7 (DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 1), der Anlage 8 (Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und Typ 2 – Dokumentation) und der Anlage 24 https://www.g-ba.de/beschluesse/7291/ (Abruf 2025-07-01)
  6. DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Formulare und Leitfaden, KV Brandenburg: https://www.kvbb.de/praxis/praxiswissen/qualitaetssicherung/genehmigungspflichtige-anzeigepflichtige-leistungen/dmp-diabetes-mellitus-typ-2 (Internet Abruf 2025-07-01)
  7. Vertrag über die Abrechnung und Vergütung von Leistungen gemäß § 34 des Vertrages
  8. zur Durchführung des strukturierten Behandlungsprogramms nach § 137f SGB V
  9. Diabetes mellitus Typ 1, KV Berlin: https://www.kvberlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/vertraege_kv_berlin/disease-management-programme_dmp_/diabetes_mellitus_typ_1/dmp_dm1_verguetungsvertrag2022.pdf
  10. DMP Diabetes: Neue Leistungen und angehobene Vergütungen zum 1. Juli 2025 KV Nordrhein
  11. https://www.kvno.de/aktuelles/aktuelles-detail/nachricht/dmp-diabetes-neue-leistungen-angehobene-verguetungen-zum-1-7-25 (Internet- Abruf 2025-07-01)
  12. Zertifizierungskriterien für die Anerkennungs als Fußbehandlungseinrichtung der AG Fuss der DDG: https://www.ddg.info/behandlung/zertifizierung/fussbehandlungseinrichtungen (Internet-Abruf 2025-07-01)
  13. IQWiG Gesundheitsinformationen Amputation vermeiden: Patienteninformation / Entscheidungshilfe vor Amputationen bei DFS https://www.gesundheitsinformation.de/diabetischer-fuss-behandlung.2486.de.html?part=behandlung-jc (Internet-Abruf 2025-07)
  14. Eckhard M & Engels G, Das diabetische Fußsyndrom besser verstehen, behandeln und vermeiden, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2023; 18(02): 116-139. DOI: 10.1055/a-1780-4200
  15. Morbach S, Hochlenert D, Eckhard M: Aktueller Stand bezüglich des Diabetischen Fußsyndroms in Deurschland. Diabetologie 2024 . 20:1–10. DOI: 10.1007/s11428-023-01140-2
  16. Hochlenert D, Bogoclu C, Cremanns K et al. Sensor-Assisted Wound Therapy in Plantar Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025 May;19(3):692-698. DOI: 10.1177/19322968231213095. Epub 2023 Nov 25. PMID: 38006228; PMCID: PMC12035378.
  17. Hongjuan Zhu, Wanli Chu, Ming Zhang et al. Impact of pre-hospital delays on the prognosis of older patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a 10-year retrospective study,, J Wound Care, 2025 Apr 1;34(Sup4):S4-S9. DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.0284.
  18. Großkopf V und Schanz M: Keine Überweisung in die Fußambulanz – ein vorwerfbarer Behandlungsfehler? Rechtsdepeche, aktualisiert 22.10.2024 https://www.rechtsdepesche.de/keine-ueberweisung-in-fussambulanz-fehler/ (Internet-Abruf 2025-07)

→Diabetes und Herzerkrankungen (Seite 54–57)
  1. Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, Sattar N, Eliasson B, Svensson A-M, et al. Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. New England journal of medicine. 2018;379(7):633-44. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800256.
  2. Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: Developed by the task force on the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal. 2023;44(39):4043-140. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192.
  3. Schütt K, Aberle J, Bauersachs J, Birkenfeld A, Frantz S, Ganz M, et al. Positionspapier Herzinsuffizienz und Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 2022;17(04):277-88. DOI: 10.1055/a-1867-3026.
  4. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(Supplement_1):S207-S38. DOI: 10.2337/dc25-S011.
  5. Gallwitz B, Aberle J, Birkenfeld AL, Fritsche A, Kellerer M, Klein HH, et al. Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 2024;19(S 02):S186-S202. DOI: 10.1055/a-2385-2744.
  6. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Gentile F, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e72-e227. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923.
  7. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-28. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720.
  8. Neal B, Perkovic V, Matthews DR. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(21):2099. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1611925.
  9. Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jódar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;375(19):1834-44. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607141.
  10. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JF, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311-22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603827.
  11. Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S, D‘Agostino RB, Sr., Granger CB, Jones NP, et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10157):1519-29. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32261-5.
  12. Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Lakshmanan M, Pais P, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10193):121-30. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31149-3.
  13. Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2022;65(12):1925-66. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05787-2.
  14. Schütt K, Forst T, Birkenfeld AL, Zirlik A, Müller-Wieland D, Marx N. Diabetes Mellitus and the Heart. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2022;130(S 01):S123-S6. DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-3593.

→Krebs – eine häufige Spätkomplikation von Prä- und Typ-2-Diabetes (Seite 58–61)
  1. Wengler A, Rommel A, Plaß D, Gruhl H, Leddin J, Ziese T, von der Lippe E on behalf of the BURDEN 2020 Study Group: Years of life lost to death—a comprehensive analysis of mortality in Germany conducted as part of the BURDEN 2020 project. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2021; 118: 137–44. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0148
  2. Dagenais GR, Leong DP, Rangarajan S et al. Variations in common diseases, hospital admissions, and deaths in middle-aged adults in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395: 785–794. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32007-0
  3. Tsunekawa S, Kamiya H, Nakamura J. Different trends in causes of death in patients with diabetes between Japan and the USA. J Diabetes Investig. 2019 May;10(3):571-573. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12962. Epub 2018 Dec 7. PMID: 30341830; PMCID: PMC6497590.
  4. Collier A, Meney C, Hair M, Cameron L, Boyle JG. Cancer has overtaken cardiovascular disease as the commonest cause of death in Scottish type 2 diabetes patients: A population-based study (The Ayrshire Diabetes Follow-up Cohort study). J Diabetes Investig. 2020 Jan;11(1):55-61. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13067. Epub 2019 Jul 25. PMID: 31267699; PMCID: PMC6944844.
  5. Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard et al. Trends in predominant causes of death in individuals with and without diabetes in England from 2001 to 2018: an epidemiological analysis of linked primary care records Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 165-173 (March 2021). DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30431-9
  6. Laurberg T, Graversen SB, Sandbæk A, Wild SH, Vos RC, Støvring H. Trends in cause-specific mortality among people with type 2 and type 1 diabetes from 2002 to 2019: a Danish population-based study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2024 Apr 26;41:100909. DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100909. PMID: 38707867; PMCID: PMC11066523.
  7. Scherübl H. Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus und Krebsrisiko. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2021 Sep;146(18):1218-1225. German. DOI: 10.1055/a-1529-4521. Epub 2021 Sep 14. PMID: 34521128.
  8. Scherübl H. Krebsrisiko bei Prädiabetes und Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2022. DOI: 10.1055/a-1837-2035
  9. Sjöholm K, Carlsson LMS, Svensson PA et al. Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Incidence in Patients With Obesity and Diabetes: Long-Term Results From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study. Diabetes Care 2021 Nov 19:dc211335. DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1335.
  10. Chen CL, Yang HI, Yang WS et al. Metabolic factors and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by chronic hepatitis B/C infection: a follow-up study in Taiwan. Gastroenterology. 2008;135(1):111-21. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.073
  11. Scherübl H. Krebsvorsorge und -früherkennung bei Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologie 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s11428-025-01309-x
  12. Mavromatis LA, Surapaneni A, Mehta S, Xu Y, Chang AR, Velcheti V, Ahn J, Shin JI, Grams ME. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and incidence of obesity-related cancer in adults with diabetes: A target-trial emulation study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Jun 1. DOI: 10.1111/dom.16445.
  13. Klatte DCF, Weston A, Ma Y, Sledge H, Bali A, Bolan C, Engels M, van Hooft JE, van Leerdam ME, Ouni A, Wallace MB, Bi Y. Temporal Trends in Body Composition and Metabolic Markers Prior to Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Sep;22(9):1830-1838.e9. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.038
  14. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng12/chapter/Recommendations-organised-by-site-of-cancer#upper-gastrointestinal-tract-cancers
  15. https://www.england.nhs.uk/2025/06/nhs-launches-drive-to-catch-one-of-the-most-lethal-cancers/

→Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (Seite 62–65)
  1. Biester T, Berget C, Boughton C, Cudizio L, Ekhlaspour L, Hilliard ME, Reddy L, Sap Ngo Um S, Schoelwer M, Sherr JL, Dovc K. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Diabetes Technologies - Insulin Delivery. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;97(6):636-662. DOI: 10.1159/000543034. Epub 2024 Dec 10. PMID: 39657603; PMCID: PMC11854989.
  2. Berg, A. K., Passanisi, S., von dem Berge, T., Chobot, A., Elbarbary, N. S., Pelicand, J., . . . Group, I. J. (2025). SKIN-PEDIC: A Worldwide Assessment of Skin Problems in Children and Adolescents Using Diabetes Devices. Horm Res Paediatr, 1-14. DOI: 10.1159/000545428
  3. Karges, B., Rosenbauer, J., Stahl-Pehe, A., Flury, M., Biester, T., Tauschmann, M., . . . Holl, R. W. (2024). Hybrid closed-loop insulin therapy and risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in young people (aged 2–20 years) with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00284-5
  4. https://klassifikationen.bfarm.de/icd-10-gm/kode-suche/htmlgm2026-vorab/block-r70-r79.htm abgerufen am 15.08.2025
  5. https://www.pei.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/regulation/klinische-pruefung/liste-haertefallprogramme.pdf abgerufen am 15.08.2025
  6. https://www.bundesanzeiger.de/pub/de/amtlicher-teil?0&year=2025&edition=BAnz+AT+30.05.2025

→Wie werden Menschen mit Diabetes in der Gesellschaft gesehen? (Seite 66–79)
  1. Hermann Finck, Leo Malcherzyk: Diabetes & Soziales: Ein praktischer Ratgeber für alle Diabetiker und ihre Angehörigen. Kirchheim-Verlag, 1994.
  2. Rinnert K, Neubauer B: Leitfaden für Betriebsärzte zu Diabetes und Beruf. DGUV2012
  3. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik, Therapie und Verlaufskontrolle des Diabetes mellitus im Kindes- und Jugendalter, © DDG 2023 82. Kapitel 13 Psychologische und soziale Risiken, Komorbiditäten und Interventionen
  4. Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen: Begutachtungsleitlinien zur Kraftfahreignung, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Stand 01.06.2022, Kapitel 3.5 (Diabetes mellitus)
  5. Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW, Maxeiner S, Wagener W. Diabetes and Road Traffic. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2024 Feb 23. DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-6928. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38395055.

→Diabetes bei multimorbiden älteren Menschen und bei Menschen mit kognitiven und körperlichen Beeinträchtigungen (Seite 70–73)
  1. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Typ-2-Diabetes – Langfassung, 1. Auflage 2023. www.leitlinien.de, Zugriff 07.07.2025
  2. Sinclair AJ, Dunning T, Rodriguez-Mañas L. Diabetes in older people: new insights and remaining challenges. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(4):275–285. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70176-7
  3. Pelletier A-L, Gyselinck I, Paccou J, et al. Diabetes and cognitive decline in older adults: Recent advances and remaining challenges. Diabetes Metab. 2022;48(4):101336. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70176-7

→Frauen und Diabetes in Deutschland: geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede und Herausforderungen (Seite 74–77)
  1. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD et al.: Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2009; 373: 1773–1779. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60731-5.
  2. Reschke F, Dost A, Jorzig L et al.: Menopause and insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes – a DPV registry analysis. Diabetologia 2024; 67(Suppl 1): Abstract 231.
  3. Brand JS, van der Schouw YT, Onland-Moret NC, et al. Age at menopause, reproductive life span, and type 2 diabetes risk: results from the EPIC-InterAct study. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(4):1012-1019. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1020
  4. Jaroenlapnopparat A, Charoenngam N, Ponvilawan B, Mariano M, Thongpiya J, Yingchoncharoen P. Menopause is associated with increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2023;30(3):348-354. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002133
  5. Peters SA, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts including 858,507 individuals and 28,203 coronary events. Diabetologia. 2014;57(8):1542-1551. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3260-6
  6. Abdallah MS, Kosiborod M,Tang F et al.: Patterns and predictors of intensive statin therapy among patients with diabetes mellitus after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 113(8):1267-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.12.040
  7. Heidemann C, Du Y, Baumert J, et al. Social inequality and diabetes mellitus - developments over time among the adult population in Germany. J Health Monit. 2019;4(2):11-28. Published 2019 Jun 27. DOI: 10.25646/5986
  8. Hinkle SN, Buck Louis GM, Rawal S, Zhu Y, Albert PS, Zhang C. A longitudinal study of depression and gestational diabetes in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Diabetologia. 2016;59(12):2594-2602. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4086-1
  9. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft: Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Typ-1-Diabetes im Erwachsenenalter 2023. AWMF-Registernummer 057-024.
  10. Petrovski G, Al Khalaf F, Campbell J et al.: Evaluation of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: CRISTAL study. Diabetol Stoffwechsel 2024; 19(1): 23–30.
  11. Baschung Pfister P, Huhn EA, Holzgreve W et al.: Effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring to improve glycaemic control and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11(11): e049859. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049859.

→Diabetes und Schwangerschaft (Seite 78–81)
  1. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, Amiel SA, Beck R, Biester T, et al. Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(8):1593-603. DOI: 10.2337/dci19-0028
  2. Benhalima K, Van Crombrugge P, Moyson C, Verhaeghe J, Vandeginste S, Verlaenen H, Vercammen C, Maes T, Dufraimont E, De Block C, Jacquemyn Y, Mekahli F, De Clippel K, Van Den Bruel A, Loccufier A, Laenen A, Minschart C, Devlieger R, Mathieu C.A: Modified Two-Step Screening Strategy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on the 2013 WHO Criteria by Combining the Glucose Challenge Test and Clinical Risk Factors. J Clin Med. 2018 Oct 13;7(10):351. DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100351. PMID: 30322138
  3. Simmons D, Immanuel J, Hague WM, Teede H, Nolan CJ, Peek MJ, Flack JR, McLean M, Wong V, Hibbert E, Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Backman H, Gianatti E, Sweeting A, Mohan V, Enticott J, Cheung NW; TOBOGM Research Group.: Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy.N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214956. Epub 2023 May 5.PMID: 37144983
  4. Benhalima, Katrien; Lens, Karen; Bosteels, Jan; Chantal, Mathieu (2019): The Risk for Glucose Intolerance after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus since the Introduction of the IADPSG Criteria. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In: Journal of clinical medicine 8 (9). DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091431.
  5. S3-Leitlinie Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM), Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge 10.3390/jcm80914312. Auflage AWMF-Registernummer: 057–008, 2018.
  6. Aroda VR, Christophi CA, Edelstein SL, Zhang P, Herman WH, Barrett-Connor E et al. The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2015;100:1646–53. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3761
  7. Ratner RE, Christophi CA, Metzger BE, Dabelea D, Bennett PH, Pi-Sunyer X et al. Prevention of diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes: effects of metformin and lifestyle interventions. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2008;93:4774–9. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0772
  8. Adamczewski H, Weber D, Faber-Heinemann G, Heinemann L, Kaltheuner M. Einfluss der Gestationsdiabetes-Leitlinie der DDG auf die Versorgungsrealität: Analysen des Register GestDiab. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2016;11:341–9. DOI: DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-110485
  9. GestDiNa_basic – Nachsorge bei Gestationsdiabetes - G-BA Innovationsfonds, 2020.000Z. Available from https://innovationsfonds.g-ba.de/projekte/versorgungsforschung/gestdina-basic-nachsorge-bei-gestationsdiabetes.209 Accessed 18 July 2020
  10. Adamczewski, H; Weber, D; Klein, J; Behling, M; Kaltheuner, M: Indications for the Postpartum Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Data from the GestDiab registry. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2024; 121: 251-7. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0034
  11. Weschenfelder 2025 accepted

→Diabetestechnologie: ein Update (Seite 82–85)
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  3. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(1 Suppl 1):S146-S166. DOI: 10.2337/dc25-S007
  4. Holder M, Kamrath C, Lange K et al. Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow-Up of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2025;133:205-223.
  5. Haak T, Fritsche A, Füchtenbusch M et al. S3-Leitlinie Therapie des Typ-1-Diabetes. Version 5.1 AWMF-Registernummer: 057-013 https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/057-013 (Zugriff 5.7.2025)
  6. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Typ-2-Diabetes – Langfassung. Version 3.0. 2023 https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/nvl-001 (Zugriff 5.7.2025)
  7. Schlüter S, Deiss D, Gehr B et al. Glukosemessung und -kontrolle bei Patienten mit Typ-1- oder Typ-2-Diabetes. DDG Praxis Leitlinie. Diabetologie. 2025;21:147-165.
  8. Tanenbaum ML, Commissariat PV, Wilmot EG, Lange K. Navigating the Unique Challenges of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems to Facilitate Effective Uptake, Onboarding, and Continued Use. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025;19:47-53. DOI: 10.1177/19322968241275963
  9. Sherr JL, Schoelwer M, Dos Santos TJ et al. : ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes technologies: Insulin delivery. Pediatr Diabetes 2022;23:1406–1431. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13421
  10. Phillip M, Nimri R, Bergenstal RM et al. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice. Endocr Rev 2023;44:254–280. DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac022
  11. Sherr JL, Heinemann L, Fleming GA et al. Automated insulin delivery: benefits, challenges, and recommendations. A Consensus Report of the Joint Diabetes Technology Working Group of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetologia 2022;6:1–20. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05744-z
  12. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM et al. Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1593–1603. DOI: 10.2337/dci19-0028
  13. Lange K, Schlüter S. Förderung der Kenntnisse, Fertigkeiten und Motivation zur Nutzung aktueller Diabetestechnologien. Diabetologie 2025; in press. DOI: s11428-025-01358-2
  14. Shaw JLV, Bannuru RR, Beach L et al. Consensus Considerations and Good Practice Points for Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Hospital Settings. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:2062-2075. DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0073
  15. Pleus S, Baumstark A, Jendrike N et al. System accuracy evaluation of 18 CE-marked current-generation blood glucose monitoring systems based on EN ISO 15197:2015. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020;8:e001067. DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001067
  16. Pleus S, Baumstark A, Schauer S et al. User Performance Evaluation and System Accuracy Assessment of Four Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems With Color Coding of Measurement Results. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2024;18:644-652. DOI: 10.1177/19322968221141926
  17. Pleus S, Baumstark A, Jendrike N et al. Bewertung der Genauigkeit von Blutzuckermesssystemen, die von Krankenkassen zur Verordnung empfohlen werden, in Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 15197: 2015. Diabetologie 2021;16 (S 01):S80-S81.
    18. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727539
  18. Kim JY, Jin SM, Sim KH et al. Continuous glucose monitoring with structured education in adults with type 2 diabetes managed by multiple daily insulin injections: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2024;67:1223-1234. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06049-z
  19. von Sengbusch S, Schneidewind J, Bokelmann J et al. Monthly video consultation for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Nov;193:110135. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110135
  20. Freckmann G, Wehrstedt S, Eichenlaub M et al. Comparative Analysis of Glycemic Metrics Derived From Three Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems. Diabetes Care. 2025;48:1213-1217.
  21. Freckmann G, Pleus S, Eichenlaub M et al. Recommendations on the Collection of Comparator Measurement Data in the Performance Evaluation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025;19:1072-1081.
  22. Freckmann G, Eichenlaub M, Waldenmaier D et al. Clinical Performance Evaluation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Reporting. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023;17:1506-1526. . And https://ifcc.org/ifcc-scientific-division/sd-working-groups/wg-cgm/
  23. Pleus S, Eichenlaub M, Gerber T et al. Improving the Bias of Comparator Methods in Analytical Performance Assessments Through Recalibration. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2024;18:686-694. DOI: 10.1177/19322968221133107
  24. Cranston I, Jamdade V, Liao B, Newson RS. Clinical, Economic, and Patient-Reported Benefits of Connected Insulin Pen Systems: A Systematic Literature Review. Adv Ther. 2023;40:2015-2037. DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02478-1
  25. Brazg R, Garg SK, Bhargava A et al. Evaluation of Extended Infusion Set Performance in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Infusion Set Survival Rate and Glycemic Outcomes from a Pivotal Trial. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24:535-543. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0540
  26. Castorani V, Rigamonti A, Frontino G et al. Turning the tides: achieving rapid and safe glucose control in adolescents with suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes using advanced hybrid closed loop systems. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1243565. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1243565
  27. Deiss D, Waldenmaier D, Carstensen S et al. Steckbriefe für Systeme zur Automatisierten Insulin-Dosierung. Diabetes Stoffw Herz 2022;31:36-43. Website AGDT: https://www.diabetes-technologie.de/steckbriefe-fuer-aid-systeme/ (Zugriff: 05.07.2025)
  28. Bfarm Verzeichnis DiGAs https://diga.bfarm.de/de/verzeichnis (Zugriff: 05.07.2025)
  29. Schlüter S, Freckmann G, Heinemann L et al. Evaluation of the SPECTRUM training programme for real-time continuous glucose monitoring: A real-world multicentre prospective study in 120 adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2021;38:e14467. DOI: 10.1111/dme.14467
  30. Bundesamt für soziale Sicherung (BAS) https://www.bundesamtsozialesicherung.de/fileadmin/redaktion/DMP/DMP1/20250904_Anhang_1_Patienten-Schulungsprogramme-DMP.pdf (Zugriff: 05.07.2025)

→AID und CGM für verschiedene Diabetestypen (Seite 86–89)
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  3. Jiao Y, Lin R, Hua X, Churilov L, Gaca MJ, James S. et al. A systematic review: Cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes. Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2022, 5(6), e369. DOI: 10.1002/edm2.369
  4. Alshannaq H, Pollock RF, Joubert M, Ahmed W, Norman GJ, Lynch PM, Roze S. Cost-utility of real-time continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in people with insulin-treated Type II diabetes in France. Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 2024, 13(3), e230174. DOI: 10.57264/cer-2023-0075
  5. Martens T, Beck RW, Bailey R, Ruedy KJ, Calhoun P, Peters AL, Pop-Busui R, Philis-Tsimikas A, Bao S, Umpierrez G, Davis G. Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin: a randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2021 Jun 8;325(22):2262-72. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.7444
  6. Seufert J, Dänschel I, Gölz S, Haller N, Kulzer B, Tan S, Schnell O, Wiesner T, Kroeger J. Kontinuierliche Glukosemessung bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes ohne intensivierte Insulintherapie: eine Standortbestimmung. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 2024, 17.
  7. Ajjan RA, Battelino T, Cos X, Del Prato S, Philips JC, Meyer L, Seufert J, Seidu S. Continuous glucose monitoring for the routine care of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2024 Jul;20(7):426-40. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00973-1
  8. Lu J, Ying Z, Wang P, Fu M, Han C, Zhang M. Effects of continuous glucose monitoring on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2024 Jan;26(1):362-72. DOI: 10.1111/dom.15328
  9. Ferreira RO, Trevisan T, Pasqualotto E, Chavez MP, Marques BF, Lamounier RN, van de Sande-Lee S. Continuous glucose monitoring systems in noninsulin-treated people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2024 Apr 1;26(4):252-62. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0390
  10. Aronson R, Abitbol A, Bajaj HS et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes: A critical review of reported trials with an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2025. DOI: 10.1111/dom.70008.
  11. Kitazawa M, Takeda Y, Hatta M, Horikawa C, Sato T, Osawa T, Ishizawa M, Suzuki H, Matsubayashi Y, Fujihara K, Yamada T. Lifestyle intervention with smartphone app and isCGM for people at high risk of type 2 diabetes: randomized trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2024 Apr;109(4):1060-70. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad639
  12. Jospe MR, Richardson KM, Saleh AA, Bohlen LC, Crawshaw J, Liao Y, Konnyu K, Schembre SM. Leveraging continuous glucose monitoring as a catalyst for behaviour change: a scoping review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2024 Jul 10;21(1):74. DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01622-6.
  13. Jancev M, Vissers TA, Visseren FL, van Bon AC, Serné EH et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 2024, 67. Jg., Nr. 5, S. 798-810. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06107-6
  14. Bonet J, Visentin R, Dalla Man C. Smart Algorithms for Efficient Insulin Therapy Initiation in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: An in Silico Study. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 2024 Apr 22:19322968241245930. DOI: 10.1177/19322968241245930.
  15. ROUSSEL, Ronan, et al. Important drop in rate of acute diabetes complications in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes after initiation of flash glucose monitoring in France: the RELIEF study. Diabetes Care, 2021, 44. Jg., Nr. 6, S. 1368-1376. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1690
  16. Liarakos AL, Lim JZ, Leelarathna L, Wilmot EG. The use of technology in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a narrative review. Diabetologia. 2024 Jun 29:1-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06203-7.
  17. Ziegler R, Heinemann L, Freckmann G, Schnell O, Hinzmann R, Kulzer B. Intermittent use of continuous glucose monitoring: expanding the clinical value of CGM. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2022: 15(3), 684-694.
  18. Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM). DiGA-Verzeichnis, 2024: https://diga.bfarm.de/de/verzeichnis?category=%5B%2276%22%5D (zitiert: 11.08.2025)
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  21. Peacock S, Frizelle I, Hussain S. A systematic review of commercial hybrid closed-loop automated insulin delivery systems. Diabetes Therapy, 2023: 14(5), 839-855. DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01394-5
  22. Schipp J, Hendrieck C, Braune K, Knoll C et al. Psychosocial Outcomes Among Users and Nonusers of Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Multinational Survey of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2023: 25, e44002. DOI: 10.2196/44002
  23. Franceschi R, Mozzillo E, Di Candia F, Maines E et al. A systematic review on the impact of commercially available hybrid closed loop systems on psychological outcomes in youths with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Diabetic Medicine, 2023: 40(9), e15099. DOI: 10.1111/dme.15099
  24. Karol AB, O‘Malley G, Fallurin R, Levy CJ. Automated Insulin Delivery systems as a treatment for typ 2 Diabetes mellitus: A review. Endo Pract. 2023; 29(3):214-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.10.001
  25. Kudva YC, Raghinaru D, Lum JW, Graham TE, Liljenquist DA. Randomized Trial of Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025 May 8;392(18):1801-1812. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2415948
  26. Pasquel FJ, Davis GM, Huffman DM, et al. Automated Insulin Delivery in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(2):e2459348. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.59348

→ePA und eDA – ein beherzter Schritt in die digitale Vernetzung der Diabetologie (Seite 90–93)
keine Einträge

→Rolle der Diabetesberatungs- und Schulungsberufe unter politischen Veränderungen in Klinik und Praxis (Seite 94–97)
  1. Destatis (Statistisches Bundesamt) (2023b): Demografischer Wandel. Wiesbaden. URL: www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Querschnitt/Demografischer-Wandel/_inhalt.html#120356 (abgerufen am 20.06.2025)
  2. Seidel-Jacobs, E., Tönnies, T., Rathmann, W. (2022). Epidemiologie des Diabetes in Deutschland. In: Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft und diabetesDE (Hrsg.). Deutscher Gesundheitsbericht Diabetes (2023). Verlag Kirchheim
  3. Schaeffer, D., Berens, E.-M., Gille, S., et al. (2021). Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland vor und während der Corona Pandemie: Ergebnisse des HLS-GER 2. Universität Bielefeld, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Gesundheitskompetenzforschung. DOI: 10.4119/unibi/2950305
  4. Sachverständigenrat Gesundheit und Pflege (2024). Fachkräfte im Gesundheitswesen. Nachhaltiger Einsatz einer knappen Ressource. 2. Durchgesehene Auflage. DOI: 10.4126/FRL01-006473488
  5. Deml, A. (2025). Das Erfolgsmodell „Diabetesedukation DDG“ schreibt weiter Geschichte mit dem neuen Fortbildungsangebot „Diabetescoach DDG“. In: Diabetol Stoffwechs 2025; 20: 24–26. DOI: 10.1055/a-2457-7947
  6. Befragung „Wie wollen Hausärztinnen und -ärzte zukünftig arbeiten?“ Bertelsmann Stiftung und Institut für Gesundheitsversorgungsforschung und Klinische Epidemiologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg. Methodenreport und Tabellenband (2025).
  7. Digitalisierungs- und Technologie-Report (dt-report) 2023. https://www.dut-report.de (abgerufen am 20.06.2025)
  8. Pressemitteilung der Deutschen Rentenversicherung vom 17.06.2025. Neue Strukturen in Reha-Kliniken der Rentenversicherung. Verbesserte Diabetes-Versorgung durch qualifiziertes Fachpersonal. https://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/DRV/DE/Ueber-uns-und-Presse/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Pressemitteilungen-aktuell/2025/2025-06-17-diabetesversorgung-reha.html (abgerufen am 20.06.2025)
  9. VDBD-Positionspapier vom 12. Februar 2025. Gesundheitswesen zukunftsorientiert aufstellen mit Prävention, Technologie und interprofessioneller Zusammenarbeit. https://www.vdbd.de/ueber-uns/berufspolitik/positionen-und-stellungnahmen/ (abgerufen am 20.06.2025)
  10. Birkenfeld, A. L., Mohan, V. (2024). Prediabetes remission for type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention. Nature Reviews Endocrinology volume 20, pages 441–442. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00996-8

→Betreuung von Menschen mit Diabetes in Apotheken (Seite 98–101)
  1. www.abda.de/kommission-bak-ddg (letzter Zugriff am 05.06.2025)
  2. https://www.abda.de/pharmazeutische-dienstleistungen/ (letzter Zugriff am 05.06.2025)
  3. https://www.abda.de/fileadmin/user_upload/assets/Medikationsmanagement/Grundsatzpapier_MA_MM_GBAM.pdf (letzter Zugriff am 05.05.2025)
  4. Meid A et al. Mortality and Hospitalizations Among Patients Enrolled in an Interprofessional Medication Management Program-Results of the Medicines Initiative Saxony- Thuringia (Arzneimittelinitiative Sachsen-Thüringen, ARMIN). Dtsch Arztebl Int 2023; 120: 253-60. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0014
  5. https://www.abda.de/fileadmin/user_upload/assets/Pressetermine/2025/Pk_20250409_forsa-Umfrage/Positionspapier_In_eine_gesunde_Zukunft_mit_der_Apotheke_2025.pdf (letzter Zugriff am 05.06.2025)
  6. https://www.ddg.info/politik/stellungnahmen/addendum-zum-gemeinsamen-positionspapier-zur-herstellung-einer-ogtt-loesung-fuer-die-diagnose-eines-gestationsdiabetes-analyse-und-vorschlaege-zur-herstellung (letzter Zugriff am 05.06.2025)

→Sektorenübergreifende Versorgung in der Diabetologie (Seite 102–105)
  1. Albrecht, M; T Al-Abadi: Perspektiven einer sektorenübergreifenden Vergütung ärztlicher Leistungen DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15074.02241

→Neue Daten zur stationären Versorgung in DDG zertifizierten Einrichtungen (Seite 106–108)
  1. Tönnies T, Röckl S, Hoyer A, et al. Projected number of people with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes in Germany in 2040. Diabet Med 2019; 36: 1217–1225. DOI: 10.1111/dme.13902
  2. Auzanneau M, Fritsche A, Icks A, et al. Diabetes in the Hospital. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2021; DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0151
  3. Müller-Wieland D, Merkel M, Hamann A, et al. Survey to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in hospital patients in Germany by systematic HbA1c measurement upon admission. Int J Clin Pract 2018; 72: e13273. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13273
  4. Eckert AJ, Fritsche A, Icks A, et al. Common procedures and conditions leading to inpatient hospital admissions in adults with and without diabetes from 2015 to 2019 in Germany: A comparison of frequency, length of hospital stay and complications. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02153-z
  5. Auzanneau M, Eckert AJ, Fritsche A, et al. Diabetes in all hospitalized cases in Germany 2015–2019 and impact of the first COVID-19 year 2020. Endocr Connect 2023; 12: e220475. DOI: 10.1530/EC-22-0475
  6. Andrikopoulos S, James S, Wischer N. What Gets Measured Gets Improved—Setting Standards and Accreditation for Quality Improvement for Diabetes Services in Australia. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15: 748–754. DOI: 10.1177/19322968211009910
  7. Morbach S, Kersken J, Lobmann R, et al. The German and Belgian accreditation models for diabetic foot services. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32: 318–325. DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2752
  8. Bogh SB, Falstie-Jensen AM, Hollnagel E, et al. Predictors of the effectiveness of accreditation on hospital performance: A nationwide stepped-wedge study. Int J Qual Health Care 2017; 29: 477–483. DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx052
  9. Auzanneau M, Fritsche A, Eckert AJ, et al. Advantages of DDG-certified hospitals for hospitalized patients with diabetes - A nationwide DRG analysis in Germany. medRxiv 2025.04.07.25325368. DOI: 10.1101/2025.04.07.25325368

→Psychosoziale Versorgung von Menschen mit Diabetes in Deutschland: Bedarf und Realität (Seite 109–112)
  1. Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45:2753-2786. DOI: 10.2337/dci22-0034
  2. Limbert C, Tinti D, Malik F, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: The delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:1243-1269. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13417
  3. de Wit M, Gajewska KA, Goethals ER, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Psychological care of children, adolescents and young adults with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:1373-1389. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13428
  4. Gregory JW, Cameron FJ, Joshi K, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes in adolescence. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:857-871. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13408
  5. Shah AS, Zeitler PS, Wong J, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:872-902. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13409
  6. Lindholm Olinder A, DeAbreu M, Greene S, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes education in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23:1229-1242. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13418
  7. Holder M, Auzanneau M, Biester T, et al. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik, Therapie und Verlaufskontrolle des Diabetes mellitus im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Version 4.0. 2023 AWMF 057-016. https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/057-016 [zugegriffen: 5.7.2025]
  8. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(1 Suppl 1):S283-S305. DOI: 10.2337/dc25-S014.
  9. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(1 Suppl 1):S86-S127. DOI: 10.2337/dc25-S005.
  10. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(1 Suppl 1):S266-S282. DOI: 10.2337/dc25-S013.
  11. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG) S3-Leitlinie Therapie des Typ-1-Diabetes, 2. Auflage AWMF-Registernummer: 057-013 https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/057-013.html [zugegriffen: 5.7.2025]
  12. Phillip M, Achenbach P, Addala A et al. Consensus Guidance for Monitoring Individuals With Islet Autoantibody-Positive Pre-Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:1276-1298. DOI: 10.2337/dci24-0042
  13. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Typ-2-Diabetes – Teilpublikation der Langfassung, 2. Auflage. Version 1. 2021 [zugegriffen: 5.7.2025]
  14. Zeyfang A, Wernecke J, Bahrmann A. Diabetes Mellitus at an Elderly Age. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2023;131:24-32. DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-3728
  15. Barnard-Kelly K, Marrero D, de Wit M, et al. Towards the standardisation of adult person-reported outcome domains in diabetes research: A Consensus Statement development panel. Diabet Med. 2024 May 15:e15332. DOI: 10.1111/dme.15332.
  16. Barnard-Kelly K, Marrero D, de Wit M et al. Towards standardization of person-reported outcomes (PROs) in pediatric diabetes research: A consensus report. Diabet Med. 2025;42:e15484. DOI: 10.1111/dme.15484.
  17. Lange K, Kulzer B. Psychologische Aspekte der kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung (CGM). Diabetes Stoffwechsel Herz. 2023;23:180-190.
  18. Pouwer F, Schram MT, Iversen MM et al. How 25 years of psychosocial research has contributed to a better understanding of the links between depression and diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020;37:383-392. DOI: 10.1111/dme.14227.
  19. Bisio A, Brown SA, McFadden R et al. Sleep and diabetes-specific psycho-behavioral outcomes of a new automated insulin delivery system in young children with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021;22:495-502. DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13164.
  20. Phillip M, Nimri R, Bergenstal RM et al. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice. Endocr Rev. 2023;44:254-280. DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac022.
  21. Chakrabarti A, Trawley S, Kubilay E et al. Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Effects on Glycemia During Sleep and Sleep Quality in Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the ORACL Trial. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24:666-671. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2022.0110.
  22. Beran M, Muzambi R, Geraets A et al. The bidirectional longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and HbA1c: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2022;39:e14671. DOI: 10.1111/dme.14671.
  23. Wimberley T, Horsdal HT, Brikell I et al. Temporally ordered associations between type 2 diabetes and brain disorders - a Danish register-based cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22:573. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04163-z.
  24. Goss PW, Bratina N, Calliari LE et al. ISPAD Position Statement on Type 1 Diabetes in Schools. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024 Oct 3:1-11. DOI: 10.1159/000541802.
  25. Kordonouri O, Lange K, Biester T et al. Determinants of glycaemic outcome in the current practice of care for young people up to 21 years old with type 1 diabetes under real-life conditions. Diabet Med. 2020;37:797-804. DOI: 10.1111/dme.14130.
  26. Moulton CD, Pickup JC, Ismail K. The link between depression and diabetes: the search for shared mechanisms. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3:461-471. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00134-5.
  27. Nordentoft M, Rod NH, Bonde JP et al. Effort-reward imbalance at work and risk of type 2 diabetes in a national sample of 50,552 workers in Denmark: A prospective study linking survey and register data. J Psychosom Res. 2020;128:109867. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109867.
  28. Holmes-Truscott E, Litterbach E, Søholm U et al. Experiences of diabetes stigma among adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A multi-study, multi-country, secondary analysis. Diabet Med. 2025;42:e70082. DOI: 10.1111/dme.70082.
  29. Speight J, Hendrieckx C, Pouwer F et al. Back to the future: 25 years of ‚Guidelines for encouraging psychological well-being‘ among people affected by diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020;37:1225-1229. DOI: 10.1111/dme.14165.
  30. Halliday JA, Hendrieckx C, Beeney L, Speight J. Prioritization of psychological well-being in the care of diabetes: moving beyond excuses, bringing solutions. Diabet Med. 2015;32:1393-1394. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12768.
  31. Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss. Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses über die 21. Änderung der DMP-Anforderungen-Richtlinie(DMP-A-RL): Änderung der Anlage 7 (DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 1) und der Anlage 8 (DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und Typ 2 – Dokumentation). https://www.g-ba.de/downloads/40-268-6304/2020-01-16_DMP-A-RL_Aenderung-Anlage-7-8-DMP-Diabetes-mellitus_Servicedokument.pdf [zugegriffen 5.7.2025]
  32. Kempf K, Altpeter B, Berger J et al. Efficacy of the Telemedical Lifestyle intervention Program TeLiPro in Advanced Stages of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:863-871. DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0303
  33. Gerlinger G, Mangiapane N, Sander J. Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) in der ärztlichen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung. Chancen und Herausforderungen aus Sicht der Leistungserbringer [Digital health applications (DiGA) in medical and psychotherapeutic care. Opportunities and challenges from the perspective of the healthcare providers]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021;64:1213-1219. DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03408-8.
  34. Bundesanstalt für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte DiGA-Verzeichnis https://diga.bfarm.de/de [zugegriffen 5.7.2025]
  35. GKV-Spitzenverband. DiGA-Bericht des GKV-Spitzenverbandes -2024- https://www.gkv-spitzenverband.de/media/dokumente/krankenversicherung_1/telematik/digitales/2024_DiGA-Bericht_final.pdf [zugegriffen 5.7.2025]
  36. Bundespsychotherapeutenkammer. Musterweiterbildung für die Psychologischen Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten und Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeutinnen: https://bptk.de/pressemitteilungen/muster-weiterbildungsordnung-fuer-psychotherapeutinnen-beschlossen/ [zugegriffen 5.7.2025]

→Therapiewahl bei Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes in Deutschland: Behandeln wir standardisiert oder zielgruppenorientiert? (Seite 106–108)
  1. Zeyfang A, Gölz S, Iraci F, Wagner C, Scheer C, Kubiak T, Bozkurt L, Heni M, Holl RW. Pattern of Anti-Diabetic Drug Prescription in Older Persons with Type-2-Diabetes: Results from the German DPV registry. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2025 Jun 28;26(8):105724. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2025.105724
  2. Heni M, Frühwald L, Karges W, Naudorf M, Niemöller K, Pagnia F, Reindel J, Seufert J, Ufer G, Wagner C, Holl RW, Prinz N for the DPV initiative Heterogeneity in response to GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes in real life: insights from the DPV register – An IMI-SOPHIA study. Diabetologia 2025, Aug;68(8):1666-1673. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-025-06448-w.
  3. Stahl-Pehe A, Shokri-Mashhadi N, Wirth M, Schlesinger S, Kuss O, Holl RW, Bächle C, Warz KD, Bürger-Büsing J, Spörkel O, Rosenbauer J. Efficacy of automated insulin delivery systems in people with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of outpatient randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103190. eCollection 2025 Apr
  4. Du Y, Baumert J, Buchmann M, Holl RW, Heidemann C. Use of glucose monitoring devices among adults with diabetes in Germany - results from nationwide surveys conducted in 2017 and 2021/2022“. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2025 27(6):488-499. DOI: 10.1089/dia.2024.0623
  5. Karges B, Rosenbauer J, Stahl-Pehe A, Flury M, Biester T, Tauschmann M, Lilienthal E, Hamann J, Galler A, Holl RW. Hybrid closed-loop insulin therapy and risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in young people (aged 2–20 years) with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025 Feb;13(2):88-96. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00284-5
  6. Grammes J, Schmid S, Bozkurt L, Heinemann L, Hess G, Kubiak T, Küstner E, Priesterroth L-S, Stahl C, Holl RW for the DPV initiative. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in older Adults with Diabetes: Data from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) Registry. Diabet Med. 2024 Mar;41(3):e15261. DOI: 10.1111/dme.15261
  7. Abbasi AB, Curtis LH, Califf RM. The Promise of Real-World Data for Research — What Are We Missing? New Engl J Med Juli 2025: 318-321. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2416479

→Gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte des Diabetes (Seite 117–120)
  1. Jacobs E, Hoyer A, Brinks R et al.: Healthcare costs of type 2 diabetes in Germany. Diabet Med 2017; 34: 855-861. DOI: 10.1111/dme.13336
  2. Voeltz D, Vetterer M, Seidel-Jacobs E et al.: Projecting the economic burden of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany from 2010 until 2040. Population Health Metrics 2024; 22:17. DOI: 10.1186/s12963-024-00337-x
  3. König H, Rommel A, Baumert J et al.: Excess costs of type 2 diabetes and their sociodemographic and clinical determinants: a cross-sectional study using data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). BMJ Open 2021; 11: e043944. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043944
  4. Kähm K, Stark R, Laxy M et al.: Assessment of excess medical costs for persons with type 2 diabetes according to age groups: an analysis of German health insurance claims data. Diabet Med 2020; 37: 1752-1758. DOI: 10.1111/dme.14213
  5. Kähm K, Laxy M, Schneider U et al.: Health care costs associated with incident complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in Germany. Diabetes Care 2018; 41: 971-978. DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1763
  6. Huang CJ, Hsieh HM, Chiu HC et al.: Health care utilization and expenditures of patients with diabetes comorbid with depression disorder: a national population-based cohort study. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14: 770-778. DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.6.770
  7. Egede LE, Bishu KG, Walker RJ et al.: Impact of diagnosed depression on healthcare costs in adults with and without diabetes: United States, 2004-2011. J Affect Disord 2016; 195: 119-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.011
  8. Lehnert T, Konnopka A, Riedel-Heller S et al.: Diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression: economic findings from a systematic literature review. Psychiatr Prax 2011; 38: 369-375. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1276934
  9. Brüne M, Linnenkamp U, Andrich S et al.: Health care use and costs in individuals with diabetes with and without comorbid depression in Germany: results of the cross-sectional DiaDec study. Diabetes Care 2021; 44: 407-415. DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2487
  10. Sommer J, Linnenkamp U, Gontscharuk V et al.: Prospective health care costs and lost work days associated with diabetes-related distress and depression symptoms among 1488 individuals with diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14: 3621. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52361-4
  11. Icks A, Claessen H, Strassburger K et al.: Patient time costs attributable to healthcare use in diabetes: results from the population-based KORA survey in Germany. Diabet Med 2013; 30: 1245-1249. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12154
  12. Icks A, Haastert B, Arend W et al.: Time spent on self management by people with diabetes: results from the population based KORA survey in Germany. Diabet Med 2019; 36: 970-981.
  13. Ulrich S, Holle R, Wacker M et al.: Cost burden of type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from the population-based KORA studies. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e012527. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012527
  14. Icks A, Haastert B, Arend W et al.: Patient time costs due to self-management in diabetes may be as high as direct medical costs: results from the population-based KORA survey FF4 in Germany. Diabet Med 2020; 37: 895-897. DOI: 10.1111/dme.13832
  15. Montalbo J, Ogurtsova K, Vomhof M et al.: Modellbasierte gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation der Diabetesprävention – Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologe 2020; 16: 220-225.
  16. Schöffski O, Graf von der Schulenburg JM (Hrsg.): Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen. Springer, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York, 2012.
  17. Tönnies T, Hoyer A, Brinks R: Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to type 2 diabetes in Germany in 2020 and 2040. Diabetologia 2021; 64: 1288-1297. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05409-3
  18. Porst M, von der Lippe E, Leddin J et al.: The burden of disease in Germany at the national and regional level—results in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) from the BURDEN 2020 study. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022; 119: 785-792. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0314
  19. Bächle CC, Holl RW, Straßburger K et al.: Costs of paediatric diabetes care in Germany: current situation and comparison with the year 2000. Diabet Med 2012; 29: 1327-1334. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03645.x
  20. Dehn-Hindenberg A, Saßmann H, Berndt V et al.: Long-term occupational consequences for families of children with type 1 diabetes: the mothers take the burden. Diabetes Care 2021; 44: 2656-2663. DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0740
  21. International Diabetes Federation: Diabetes Atlas. 11th Edition. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, 2025.
  22. da Rocha Fernandes J, Ogurtsova K, Linnenkamp U et al.: IDF Diabetes Atlas estimates of 2014 global health expenditures on diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 117: 48-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.016

→Das Deutsche Zentrum für Diabetesforschung – Aktuelles zur Prävention von Typ-2-Diabetes und Komplikationen (Seite 121–124)
  1. Tomar, A., Gomez-Velazquez, M., Gerlini, R. et al. Epigenetic inheritance of diet-induced and sperm-borne mitochondrial RNAs. Nature 630, 720–727 (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07472-3
  2. Teperino, R. Intergenerational metabolic effects of cold exposure. Nat Metab 7, 635–636 (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s42255-025-01222-z
  3. Eichelmann F, Schulze MB, Wittenbecher C et al. Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition. Nat Med. 2024 Oct;30(10):2867-2877. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1
  4. Sandforth A, Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg R et al.: Mechanisms of weight loss-induced remission in people with prediabetes: A Post-hoc Analysis of the Randomized Controlled Multicenter Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study (PLIS). ancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023 Nov;11(11):798-810. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00235-8.
  5. Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg R, Vazquez Arreola E, et al. Role of weight loss induced prediabetes remission in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: time to improve diabetes prevention. Diabetologia 2024 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06178-5. Online ahead of print.
  6. Birkenfeld A, Mohan V. Prediabetes remission for type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2024 Aug;20(8):441-442 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00996-8.
  7. Sandforth L, Kullmann S, Sandforth A, et al. Prediabetes remission to reduce the global burden of type 2 diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Feb 14:S1043-2760(25)00004-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2025.01.004. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39955249.
  8. Wagner, R., Heni, M., Tabák, A.G. et al. Pathophysiology-based subphenotyping of individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes. Nat Med 27, 49–57 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1116-9
  9. Barovic M, Hahn JJ, …Perakakis N et al. Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures in Prediabetes Progressing to Diabetes or Reversing to Normoglycemia Within 1 Year. Diabetes Care. 2025 Mar 1;48(3):405-415. DOI: 10.2337/dc24-1412. PMID: 39746149.
  10. Vahlhaus, J., Peters, B., Pivovarova-Ramich, O. et al. Later eating timing in relation to an individual internal clock is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and affected by genetic factors. eBioMedicine 116:105737 (2025). [Open Access] DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105737
  11. Schön M, Roden M, Wagner R; German Diabetes Study Group. Analysis of type 2 diabetes heterogeneity with a tree-like representation: insights from the prospective German Diabetes Study and the LURIC cohort, The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024 Feb;12(2):119-131. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00329-7.
  12. Sommer J, Roden M, Icks A; GDS Group. Depression symptoms, wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and diabetes-related distress in novel subtypes of recent-onset diabetes in Germany: a 5-year observational follow-up study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024 Dec;12(12):890-903. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00234-1.

→Zukunft sichern – Nachwuchsperspektiven in der Diabetologie (Seite 125–128)
keine Einträge

→Nachhaltigkeit in der Diabetologie – Bestandsaufnahme und Ausblick (Seite 129–132)
  1. Petry, S. F., Petry, F. W., Petry, J. K., et al. Diabetes Technology and Waste: A Real-World Study in a Specialized Practice in Germany. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2024; 19322968241257004. DOI: 10.1177/19322968241257004.
  2. Petry, S. F., Bienhaus, M., Petry, F. W., et al. Quantification of Different Types of Waste and Batteries Associated With the Widespread Usage of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2024; 19322968241305161. DOI: 10.1177/19322968241305161.
  3. Tian, T., Ho, C. N., Ayers, A. T., et al. Quantifying Environmental Waste From Diabetes Devices in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2025; dc24-2522. DOI: 10.2337/dc24-2522.
  4. Heinemann L. Printed Copies of „Instructions of Use“: What Nonsense! J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025; 19(2):598–599.
  5. https://www.ddg.info/die-ddg/gremien-der-ddg/netzwerk-nachhaltigkeit-der-ddg
  6. https://www.ddg.info/fileadmin/user_upload/Empfehlungen_zur_Entsorgung_von_Diabetesmedikamenten_und_Hilfsmitteln.pdf
  7. https://www.dastri.fr

→Unverzichtbare Handlungsfelder aus Sicht der Menschen mit Diabetes – Probleme, Lösungen, Erfolge (Seite 133–136)
  1. https://gf-bmbf.de/leitlinie-i-der-mensch-im-mittelpunkt.html
  2. https://www.zm-online.de/news/detail/zuckersteuer-mit-weniger-adipositas-bei-maedchen-assoziiert
  3. https://www.diabetes-stimme.de/
  4. Treffen der Lautsprecher*innen beim Diane(t)t März 2025 in Berlin

→DDG Fort- und Weiterbildungen für Gesundheitsfachberufe: von Kopf bis Fuß gut beraten (Seite 137–140)
keine Einträge

→DANK: Präventionspolitik ist auch aktive Wirtschaftspolitik (Seite 141–144)
  1. „Verantwortung für Deutschland“. Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD. 21. Legislaturperiode (2025): https://www.koalitionsvertrag2025.de/
  2. Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband. Studie: „Mehrheit befürwortet politische Maßnahmen für eine gesündere Ernährung“ (10.06.2025): https://www.vzbv.de/pressemitteilungen/studie-mehrheit-befuerwortet-politische-massnahmen-fuer-eine-gesuendere
  3. Marike Andreas, Anna K. Kaiser, Falko F. Sniehotta: „Participatory policy processes in a black box? Stakeholder interviews about the development of Germanys national nutrition strategy” (2025): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851025000545
  4. Marike Andreas, Anna K. Kaiser, Raenhha Dhami, Vincent Brugger, Falko F. Sniehotta: “How beliefs and policy characteristics shape the public acceptability of nutritional policies—A survey study in Germany” (2025): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851024002318
  5. DANK 6-Punkteplan für eine Präventionswende in Deutschland. „GESUNDHEIT SICHERN – WIRTSCHAFT STÄRKEN. 6-Punkte-Plan zur Bundestagswahl 2025 für mehr Prävention, die alle Menschen erreicht und zur wirtschaftlichen Stabilität beiträgt!“ (Februar 2025): https://www.dank-allianz.de/files/content/dokumente/DANK_6-Punkte-Plan%20zur%20Bundestagswahl%202025.pdf
  6. Statistisches Bundesamt (2018). Krankheitskosten 2015 (Fachserie 12 Reihe 7.2.1): https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/DE-Heft_derivate_00037826/2120721159004_QB_akt20082018.pdf
  7. DDG factsheet. „Diabetes in Deutschland (Februar 2025): https://www.ddg.info/ddg-factsheet
  8. tagesschau.de. „Lebenserwartung erstmals unter EU-Durchschnitt“ (18.11.2024): https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/gesellschaft/lebenserwartung-deutschland-106.html
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→Diabetes in Deutschland – politische Handlungsfelder 2025/26 (Seite 145–148)
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  2. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG). Agenda Diabetologie 2030. https://www.deutsche-diabetes-gesellschaft.de/politik/veroeffentlichungen/gesundheitspolitische-veroeffentlichungen (cited 10.06.25)
  3. Auzanneau M, Fritsche A, Icks A, et al. Diabetes in the hospital—a nationwide analysis of all hospitalized cases in Germany with and without diabetes, 2015–2017. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2021; 118: 407–12 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0151
  4. Auzanneau M, Fritsche A, Eckert AJ, et al. Advantages of DDG-certified hospitals for hospitalized patients with diabetes - A nationwide DRG analysis in Germany. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.07.25325368v1.full.pdf (cited 10.06.25)
  5. Stellungnahme Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin e.V. (DGIM) zum Referentenentwurf des Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz – (KHVVG) https://www.dgim.de/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Publikationen/Stellungnahmen/20240424_FINAL_Stellungnahme_Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz.pdf (cited 10.06.2025)
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  7. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG) und Berufsverband niedergelassene Diabetologie (BVND), Kommentierung des Referentenentwurfs des BMG zum Gesetz zur Stärkung der Gesundheitsversorgung in der Kommune (GSVG) https://www.ddg.info/politik/stellungnahmen/handlungsempfehlung-der-deutschen-diabetes-gesellschaft/kommission-digitalisierung-fuer-diabetesteams-in-ambulanten-und-stationaeren-versorgungseinrichtungen-zur-datensicherheit-und-zum-datenaustausch-1-1-1-1 (cited 10.06.2025)
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  9. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG), DDG Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geriatrie & Pflege, Verband der Diabetes-Beratungs- und Schulungsberufe in Deutschland (VDBD). Stellungnahme der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG) und des Verbands der Diabetes-Beratungs- und Schulungsberufe in Deutschland (VDBD) zur Wissenschaftlichen Weiterentwicklung der Personalbemessung in der Pflege im Krankenhaus (WiWePP) / Pflegepersonalregelung PPR 2.0. https://www.ddg.info/politik/stellungnahmen/wiwepp-/-pflegepersonalregelung-ppr-20 (cited 10.06.2025)
  10. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG), Berufsverband niedergelassene Diabetologie (BVND). Beschlussentwurf über die XX. Änderung der DMP-Anforderungen-Richtlinie (DMP-A-RL): Ergänzung § 8, Anlage 1a (digitales DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 2) und Anlage 7a (digitales DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 1). https://www.ddg.info/politik/stellungnahmen/beschlussentwurf-ueber-die-xx-aenderung-der-dmp-a-rl (cited 10.06.2025)
  11. Wissenschaftsrat. Empfehlungen zur künftigen Rolle der Universitätsmedizin zwischen Wissenschafts- und Gesundheitssystem (Drs. 9192-21). Juli 2021. https://www.wissenschaftsrat.de/download/2021/9192-21.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=0 (cited 10.06.2025)

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